Several local governments in Taiwan have adopted participatory budgeting to inject citizen input into the public budget process since 2015. Public officials have advocated the advantages, disadvantages, and functions of this participatory mechanism. However, it is still not clear the development of adopting participatory budgeting of the initial experience of Taiwan. Through the case study of Kaohsiung city, this study mainly describes the functions of participatory budgeting, analyzes the primary participants, discusses the Kaohsiung’s participatory budgeting experience, and has suggestions for the future development of participatory budgeting.

Any discussion on the usage of language cannot escape the body. It is in the power of the body that are made effective our daily literacies, our habits, our ways of naming things, problematizing, listening, creating interactions and meanings, our affections. Talking about language in use is empowering the body in its many daily actions. Likewise, they are in our daily ways of saying/doing, in our ‘languaging’ technologies, the comprehension of what it means to read, write, speak and hear, as well as in the possibilities of reshaping the meaning of those verbs into an understanding of the body as the imperative of language.

Compounds are one of the typical features of the German language, which often put even the most talented and experienced translators in a difficult place, mainly due to the compression of information and their meaning in cases where they are formed by the union of more than three semantically motivated themes. This article is an attempt to help solve dilemmas in such cases, emphasizing the role played by knowing the structure of the German compound and correctly decomposing the grammatical and semantic relations of their parts to realize the correct paraphrasing of the compound. After treating the composition in general terms, as a very productive way in the word formation of both languages, a presentation of the characteristics of the German language compounds is made, highlighting the differences they have with the Albanian compounds. In the last part, through real examples, taken from Albanian dictionaries and works, we are focused on bringing in Albanian the determinative Compounds of the type Noun + Noun by analyzing and emphasizing the linguistic tools that the Albanian language has and makes available for translation of such structures.

Academic self-efficacy has been linked to the context of student academic skill sets and belief in mastering their academic subjects which has been suggested to be a significant predictor of academic performance. The goal of our study is to help identify the relative impact of various college student characteristics such as academic behaviors (i.e.: number of incomplete grades or academic withdrawals taken, hours of studying), and pre-existing personality traits (i.e.: grit and coping styles) upon academic self-efficacy dimensions. One hundred college students were surveyed, and results showed that active coping and perseverance of effort, which is a component of grit, had the largest effect on all dimensions of academic self-efficacy. We also discuss how students who seek an increasing amount of incomplete grades or academic withdrawals during their academic career can have a significant reduction of school-work-life balance. Based on our findings and existing research, we discuss providing limits to the number of incomplete grades and withdrawals an undergraduate student can request during the length of their academic career along with counseling recommendations for incoming college students to aid them in developing high academic self-efficacy.

The issue of the right of persons with disabilities (PWD) to work through working age is guaranteed by law. As as a result, targeted measures, programs, and projects aimed at setting quotas for businesses, encouraging the self-employment of PWD, and rewarding employers have been implemented for some time in Mongolia. Implementation has been poor and this has led to violations of the rights of PWD to work. The main factors contributing to this are the lack of coordination, reconciliation, and management practices between line ministries ensur the implementation of the law and the public administration bodies that coordinate their activities. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a coherent system to ensure the rights of PWDs to work in Mongolia, to implement better management methods, and to improve the effectiveness of ongoing activity. One of the decisive actions to address this is to study the regulatory mechanisms of developed countries and to practice advanced methods and technologies suitable for the conditions of Mongolia through benchmarking. In this article, we aim to develop recommendations for policymakers and implementers on how to create effective and equitable employment and work opportunities for PWDs. This involves the use of primary and secondary sources to provide meaningful answers through an evidence-based study. Survey data has been collected from relevant public administration employees and representatives of PWDs who are currently employed or wish to work, questionnaires, and interviews. The organizational system is compared with other countries, and the logical sequence of activities is analyzed. According to the survey results, the provisions of the legal documents for PWDs are not specified, other related legal documents are unconsolidated. There is no integrated database, and insufficient access to employment and career counseling services. Social psychology is not ready. It is concluded that the coordination and organizational backwardness of state organizations have a negative impact on the employment of PWDs. Accordingly, their rights are being violated.